Cold

Overview

Frequent colds or flu-like infections (not flu) are infections of the upper respiratory tract caused by viruses. Typical symptoms include a runny nose, inflammation of the throat/mucous membranes, coughing, combined with headaches and an increased temperature. Colds usually occur in late autumn, winter and early spring. Drinking plenty of fluids (tea, milk with honey, etc.), nasal irrigation and gargling can provide symptom relief.

Symptoms

• Lethargy (tired, listless)
• Fever, chills
• Sniffles/runny nose
• Sore throat, hoarseness
• Swollen neck lymph nodes
• Coughing, sneezing
• Headaches and joint pain
• Duration 7-10 days

Complications

• Additional bacterial infection (superinfection)
  • Bronchitis
  • Sinus infection
  • Middle ear infection
  • Pneumonia
  • Croup-like cough (in children)

Causes and treatment

Cause

• Viral infection transmitted by droplets (talking, sneezing, coughing)
• Immune system weakened by lack of sleep, stress, overheated rooms, previous illness

Further treatment by your doctor / in hospital

Possible tests

• Physical examination is usually sufficient

Possible therapies

• Fever-reducing medication and painkillers (paracetamol, ibuprofen)
• Mucus-loosening medication (mucolytics)
• Antibiotics are usually not recommended

What can I do myself?

• Rest your body, bed rest if necessary
• Wash your hands regularly
• Throw paper tissues away after use
• Sneeze, cough into the crook of your elbow
• Drink plenty of fluids (water, fruit juice, tea)
• Anti-swelling nasal sprays (max. 5 days)
• Disinfecting mouthwash and gargles
• Household remedies
  • Salt solution: as nasal irrigation and for gargling
  • Milk with honey
  • Sage tea, chamomile tea, etc.
• Boost your immune system: get enough sleep, avoid stress, take echinacea preparations (effect is disputed)
• Be careful in using essential oils and honey for infants (allergy, shortness of breath)

When to see a doctor?

• High fever
• Increasing pain (ears, face, head, chest, back)
• Bloody cough
• Breathing problems, shortness of breath
• Stiff neck, disorientation
• Symptoms continue > 10 days

Synonyms

cold, flu-like infection